Figure 1: The advantages of Peltier thermocoolers include compact size, solid-state operation, precise tempera¬ture control, quiet operation and energy efficiency. Source: Pelonis Technologies

Peltier thermocoolers create a heat flux between two different types of materials when an electric current passes through them. These devices consist of two types of semiconductors joined together at a junction. When a current flows, heat is absorbed at one junction (the cooling side) and released at the other junction (the heating side). This results in cooling on one side and heating on the other.

The advantages of Peltier thermocoolers include compact size, solid-state operation, precise tempera­ture control, quiet operation and energy efficiency.

Flexible cooling solutions

Peltier thermocoolers can be combined with cooling fans to enhance their cooling capabilities. This hybrid cooling system leverages the strengths of both tech­nologies for better thermal management.

By integrating a Peltier thermocooler with a cooling fan, the system gains several benefits:

Enhanced cooling capacity

The Peltier thermo­cooler directly absorbs heat at one junction and re­leases it at the other, while the cooling fan efficiently dissipates the generated heat.

Improved heat dissipation

Cooling fans prevent overheating by dissipating heat from the Peltier mod­ule's hot side, ensuring optimal performance.

Increased efficiency

Combining Peltier ther­mocoolers and cooling fans boosts overall cooling efficiency compared to using either technology alone, especially in applications where high heat loads need to be managed effectively.

Flexible control

Depending on specific requirements, the cooling fan’s speed and operation can be adjusted to complement the Peltier thermocooler’s cooling perfor­mance.

Overall, integrating Peltier thermocoolers with cooling fans provides a versatile and efficient cooling solution suitable for various applications, ranging from electron­ics cooling to thermal management in industrial and automotive systems.

Applications

• Electronics cooling
• Medical devices
• Food and beverage
• Automotive
• Aerospace
• Lab equipment
• Precision machining

What are Peltier modules?

A Peltier thermocooler module, which is a semiconductor component, allows for cooling, heating and precise temperature control using direct current. By applying direct current to a Peltier module, users can harness the following functionalities:

• Temperature gradient: A temperature difference occurs between the two sides of the Peltier module.
• Heat transfer mechanism: The low-temperature side exhibits an endothermic effect, while the high-temperature side displays an exothermic effect. Consequently, heat flows from the low-temperature side to the high-temperature side, effectively functioning as a heat pump.
• Reversibility and control: By simply reversing the current flow, the direction of the heat pump can be changed. Additionally, adjusting the size of the current allows fine-tuning of the rate of heat transfer.

The evolution of Peltier modules

The Peltier effect, first observed in 1834, found its practical application in electronic cooling during the 1960s when semiconductor materials became more widely accessible. As efficient electronic cooling elements became available, this effect gained prominence. Notably, it is more pronounced in circuits that incorporate dissimilar semiconductors. Essentially, the Peltier effect allows for precise temperature control using direct current and has practical applications in refrigeration, thermoelectric coolers and climate-controlled environments.

Key attributes of Peltier cooling

When compared to conventional refrigeration systems that rely on compressors and coolant (such as CFC gas), electronic cooling through Peltier modules offers the following distinct features:

• Environmentally friendly: Peltier cooling does not use CFC gas or similar substances, ensuring no adverse environmental impact.
• Simple storage: There is no risk of coolant or corrosive liquid leakage, making storage straightforward.
• Flexible design: Peltier modules can be customized freely to suit various applications, adapting to different shapes and sizes.
• Compact elements: Peltier modules are small and compact, allowing for targeted cooling in specific areas.
• Dual functionality: By reversing the direction of the current, Peltier modules can provide both heating and cooling capabilities.
• Room temperature maintenance: Achieving and maintaining temperatures close to room temperature is feasible due to this dual functionality.
• Highly responsive: Peltier cooling systems rapidly respond to temperature changes, adjusting to become either hot or cold as needed.
• Precise temperature control: Fine-tuning temperature regulation is possible by adjusting the applied voltage.
• User-friendly: They are easy to operate and maintain, making them accessible for various applications.
• Quiet operation: Peltier systems operate without vibration or noise.

In summary, Peltier cooling offers efficient and versatile temperature control without the limitations associated with traditional refrigeration methods.

For additional information or for assistance with an application, contact sales@pelonistech.com.