At the heart of proper and efficient machine operation is maintenance. When machines are running for long periods, it becomes essential to perform routine maintenance to keep them running smoothly and efficiently. Bearing lubrication is one of the most important elements to achieving this goal, as it can play an essential role in minimizing wear and tear on machinery, resulting in longer lifespans as well as increased productivity throughout its lifetime.

Why is bearing lubrication important?

Bearing lubrication is the factor that has the largest impact on bearing life, with up to 80% of bearing failures attributable to lubrication and contamination issues. Lubricants reduce wear, prevent corrosion, reduce heat and help keep debris out of bearings.

When used correctly, lubricants enable rolling elements to move smoothly and without interruption. This results in optimal operation of machines or systems containing these bearings as well as improved lifespan for the components themselves. Grease-lubricated bearings are common in most applications due to their ability to hold oil within a solid matrix structure, which reduces friction between metal surfaces and minimizes power loss over the life of the bearing arrangement.

The type of grease used in a bearing system will depend on the application and environment it is used in, as different greases have different properties that can affect performance.

[Discover bearing greases and lubricants on GlobalSpec.]

Choosing the best bearing lubrication material

When it comes to finding the best bearing lubrication material, there are two main options: oil and grease. A few factors will need to be considered to determine which is more suitable for the application.

Oil lubrication is ideal for high-temperature and high-speed applications where heat transfer away from the moving bearing surfaces is extremely important. Oil lubricants provide low friction and require less frequent reapplication than greases. It also has better thermal stability in extreme temperatures, as well as superior oxidation resistance.

On the other hand, grease lubricants have three main components: base oil, thickeners, and additives like rust inhibitors. Grease offers superior protection against corrosion since its molecular structure prevents water and contaminants from entering the bearing, while also maintaining a constant level of lubrication. In addition, it does not need to be reapplied as often as oil and is better suited for low-speed applications and those in which shock loadings are expected.

The best lubrication material will depend on the application requirements, such as temperature, speed, shock loading etc. However, both oil and grease can provide excellent protection against wear and tear if applied correctly. To ensure optimal performance of the bearings, choosing a lubricant that meets their particular needs is important. It's also essential to keep an eye on the condition of the bearings to know when they need to be serviced or replaced. Doing this will help prolong their lifespan and keep the operation running smoothly.

Bearing lubrication main functions

Bearing lubrication is vital for the efficient operation of any mechanical device that contains moving parts. The main purpose of bearing lubrication is to reduce friction and wear between surfaces, allowing them to move freely without causing unnecessary heat or excessive wear on the components. Bearing lubricants provide a number of essential functions, such as: sealing against contaminants, preventing surfaces from corroding, providing heat transfer and creating a barrier between sliding contact surfaces.

Sealing to protect from pollutants

Sealing against contaminants is one of the primary functions of bearing lubricants. By forming a protective barrier around the bearings, it helps to keep out dirt, dust, moisture or any other pollutants that could lead to premature failure or wear on the components. It also reduces the risk of contamination from outside sources, such as coolant or other fluids used in operating equipment.

Preventing surfaces from corroding

Preventing surfaces from corroding is another important function of bearing lubrication. Lubricating oils and greases contain corrosion inhibitors which help protect metal surfaces from oxidation and rust. They also reduce friction-induced wear which can create pits or indentations in surface areas that can eventually lead to corrosion if left unchecked.

Providing heat transference

Providing heat transference is another function of bearing lubricants. By reducing the friction between two surfaces, it helps to minimize the amount of heat that is generated as a result of their movement; this, in turn, reduces wear on the components and helps to maintain optimal operating temperatures for longer periods of time. Additionally, some lubricants can also absorb heat energy which helps to dissipate it away from moving parts and prevent damage or failure due to excessive build-up of temperature.

Creating a barrier to separate sliding and rolling contact surfaces

Creating a barrier between sliding contact surfaces is yet another essential function performed by bearing lubrication. This helps reduce metal-to-metal contact, which can cause significant wear and tear on components over time. Grease-based lubricants form a thin film between the two surfaces that helps to reduce friction and protect against wear and tear, while oil-based lubricants create a slippery surface which helps to limit contact area and improve efficiency. Additionally, lubricating greases also provide a cushioning effect which reduces the amount of noise generated by sliding components.

[ASTM F2161-21: Standard Guide for Instrument and Precision Bearing Lubricants]

Take care of bearings

Bearings are the unsung heroes of many industries, providing reliable and cost-effective operation. Bearing lubrication is the key to minimizing wear and tear in machines with moving parts. Although bearing lubrication is a simple process, it can have a tremendous effect on the life and reliability of bearings.

Taking time into consideration, proper techniques, and quality lubricants will help to ensure that the bearing-lubrication program runs smoothly and efficiently. Checking and changing grease as recommended by maintenance procedures will help extend the life of the bearings significantly. Keeping bearings regularly maintained with sufficient lubricants ensures safe and successful operations for many years to come.