Nearly 76 GWh of battery cell capacity was produced for the U.S. plug-in electric vehicle (EV) market from 2010 to 2020, according to a recent analysis of the lithium-ion battery supply chain by U.S. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) researchers.

Five companies (AESC, LG Chem, Panasonic, Samsung and SK Innovation) produced almost all the battery cells used in these vehicles during the period tracked, with capacity totaling 75,933 MWh.

Panasonic supplied 74% of all the cells, with most of these installed in Tesla battery packs for Tesla vehicles. A small percentage of Panasonic battery cells was allocated for Panasonic battery packs installed in vehicles produced by Ford, Toyota and Honda. LG Chem battery cells and battery packs were primarily designated for vehicles produced by Chevrolet, with smaller amounts going into Audi, Hyundai and other vehicle makes. All AESC cells and battery packs went into Nissan vehicles, making it the only cell manufacturer that supplied a single vehicle make.

Total capacity of lithium-ion batteries supplied to the U.S. plug-in EV market by manufacturer, 2010 to 2020. Source: ANL

In terms of total battery capacity since 2010, over half of all cells have been produced in the U.S., as have nearly 90% of all battery packs. This trend toward domestic production has grown over time, with 70% of battery cells and 87% of battery packs produced in the U.S. in 2020. Most of this production is for battery electric vehicles rather than plug-in hybrids due to the larger capacity intrinsic to the former as well as the greater diversity of manufacturers of plug-in EVs.