Source: Purdue UniversityResearchers from Purdue University have developed a technique for detecting urinary tract infections (UTIs) by embedding disposable sensor devices into diapers.

Common among diaper-wearers, UTIs are typically diagnosed following a urine test. However, researchers from Purdue University have developed a diaper-embedded transponder that activates when introduced to urine, thereby eliminating the need for urine samples. Instead, the transponder measures the urine and then transmits data about the urine via wireless link to a caregiver. Likewise, the sensor monitors for the presence of nitrates — chemical compounds linked to UTIs and other infections.

Those typically diagnosed with UTIs are from populations that often cannot communicate their UTI symptoms — namely babies — and among incontinent elderly people. UTIs, which are responsible for roughly 10 million doctor visits in the U.S. each year, develop when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply, typically leading to pain, redness, the overwhelming urge to urinate, a burning sensation during urination and strong-smelling urine. Such infections can spread to the kidneys with ease and become even more severe.

"The transponder is autonomous, self-powered and provides accurate and timely information," said Babak Ziaie, a professor of computer and electrical engineering in Purdue's College of Engineering. "It can easily be placed in a diaper and detect the presence of an infection."

"We have at least two big advantages here with our device," Ziaie continued. "It is autonomous, it does not require obtaining urine samples by the patient or their caregivers, and can help detect an infection in people who might not yet show symptoms."