Batteries are a crucial component in modern life, powering everything from our mobile devices to electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. However, the performance and longevity of a battery are heavily dependent on one critical parameter — pH level.

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the electrolyte solution in a battery. The electrolyte is a crucial component that contains charged ions that move between the electrodes to generate an electrical charge. Therefore, monitoring the pH and conductivity of the electrolyte is equally important. They can significantly impact the battery's performance, efficiency and longevity.

The pH and conductivity of a battery can impact its internal chemistry and overall efficiency. If the pH is too high or too low, it can cause the battery to deteriorate more quickly and ultimately fail. For example, a high pH level can lead to the formation of deposits on the battery's electrode, which can reduce its performance. On the other hand, a low pH level can lead to acid buildup, causing the battery's internal components to corrode and degrade.

Similarly, if the conductivity of the electrolyte in a battery is too high, it can cause the battery to overheat and short circuit, resulting in damage or failure. If the conductivity is too low, it can prevent the battery from delivering its full power output, reducing its efficiency and performance.

Optimal performance and lifespan of a lithium-ion battery are contingent on maintaining correct pH and conductivity levels. Source: Mettler Toledo

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles and renewable energy storage due to their high energy density and reliability. These batteries use a lithium salt electrolyte, which is less acidic and has a higher pH level than traditional batteries. Maintaining the correct pH level in a lithium-ion battery is crucial for its optimal performance and safety. A high pH level in a lithium-ion battery can lead to the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which can reduce the battery's capacity. A low pH level can lead to the formation of lithium metal, which can cause the battery to short-circuit and fail. Therefore, maintaining the correct pH and conductivity in a lithium-ion battery is essential for its optimal performance and lifespan.

However, one of the main challenges in measuring pH and conductivity in batteries is the corrosive nature of the electrolyte solution. The advances in pH measurement technology have made it possible to measure pH accurately and reliably in challenging industrial environments.

Mettler Toledo offers pH and conductivity measurement sensors designed to provide accurate and reliable readings even in challenging industrial environments.

For more information on measuring the pH of cathode material, refer to this application note. Additionally, users can explore the specialized sensors offered by METTLER TOLEDO for pH measurement and conductivity measurement in batteries.

To contact the author of this article, email pHmatters@mt.com.